Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of Microbial Metabolites Monensin and Brefeldin A Against Toscana Virus: In Vitro Evaluation and Mechanistic Insights

doi: 10.3390/v18030287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot analysis of TFE3 protein expression in Vero cells following TOSV infection. ( A ) Cells were treated with 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM of monensin for 4 h. ( B ) Cells were treated with 87.5 and 175 nM of brefeldin A for 12 h. ( C ) Representative blot images. Protein levels were normalized to GAPDH and expressed relative to mock-treated, uninfected controls. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Statistical significance is related to mock-treated, uninfected controls: **** p < 0.0001; ** p = 0.0052; ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) at room temperature for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C with primary antibodies against GAPDH (E-AB-40337, 1:1000, Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA) and TFE3 (14480-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Infection